汞矿区周围环境及畜禽砷、铅、铬污染情况调查

目的:对汞矿周围环境和畜禽进行砷、铅、铬污染调查,为掌握其污染情况提供依据。方法:电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS测定。结果:环境中水源污染铅、砷严重,蔬菜、粮食受到不同程度污染;鸡、鸭组织铅污染严重;猪、牛、羊砷、铅污染严重,部分组织受铬轻度污染。结论:汞矿周围环境以及饲养的畜禽存在严重砷、铅污染,轻度铬污染。     

Soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration by consecutive biochar application: Results from a decade field experiment

Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon.     

Estimating spatial mean soil water contents of sloping jujube orchards using temporal stability

Estimating spatial mean soil water contents from point-scale measurements is important to improve soil water management in sloping land of semiarid areas. Temporal stability analysis, as a statistical technique to estimate soil water content, is an effective tool in terms of facilitating the upscaling estimation of mean values. The objective of this study was to examine temporal stability of soil water profiles (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 and 0–60 cm) in sloping jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) orchards and to estimate field mean root-zone soil water based on temporal stability analysis in the Yuanzegou catchment of the Chinese Loess Plateau, using soil water observations under both dry and wet soil conditions. The results showed that different time-stable locations were identified for different depths and the temporal stability of soil water content in 20–40 cm was significantly (P < 0.05) weaker than that in other depths. Moreover, these time-stable locations had relatively high clay contents, relatively mild slopes and relatively planar surfaces compared to the corresponding field means. Statistical analysis revealed that the temporal stability of root zone soil water (0–60 cm) was higher in either dry or wet season than that including both, and soil water exhibited very low temporal stability during the transition period from dry to wet. Based on the temporal stability analysis, field mean soil water contents were estimated reasonably (R² from 0.9560 to 0.9873) from the point measurements of these time-stable locations. Since the terrains in this study are typical in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau, the results presented here should improve soil water management in sloping orchards in the Loess Plateau.     

秭归县核桃产业发展思路探讨

通过对坝上库首第1县——秭归县经济林发展的调查,分析了秭归县经济林中主要的核桃产业发展现状,指出了其存在的问题,提出了发展对策,以期促进秭归县核桃产业化发展、增加农民经济收入。     

多元文化对语言歧义理解及运用的影响——以新疆农业垦区为例

一.引言在新疆农业垦区,多民族杂居、多元文化并存。自西汉至清末,历代王朝出于戍边和维护地方治安的考虑,均非常重视在西域屯田。新疆生产建设兵团进驻新疆后,大力发展屯垦经济,进一步增强了汉民族农耕文化在新疆地区的吸纳力和包容力。     

省属高等院校教学团队构建模式研究

省属普通高等院校在由原来的教学型大学向教学研究型大学转型过程中,亟需构建高水平教学团队提高教学质量。但缺乏名师、师资缺乏协作基础、评价制度科研绩效主导、官本位影响等问题直接影响团队建设及效果。可以形成从团队目标设计、成员选择、组织形式、内部管理与运行机制形成并动态调整的构建模式来推动教学团队建设。     

音乐及饲养密度对肉杂鸡生产及屠宰性能影响初探

该文就音乐及饲养密度对笼养肉杂鸡的生产性能及屠宰性能进行了初步探讨。试验表明音乐可显著降低死淘率,提高料肉比。音乐显著提高肉杂鸡的全净膛率、腹脂率、肝脏比率(P＜0．05)。高密度情况下,音乐显著降低胸肌率和腿肌率(P＜0．05)。饲养密度仅在有音乐的情况下对胸肌率具有显著性的影响,高密度的胸肌率低于中低密度的胸肌率。     

口蹄疫病毒VP1基因密码子偏好性分析

VP1蛋白是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的主要结构蛋白,可诱导机体产生中和抗体以及激发保护性免疫应答。为探究VP1基因密码子偏好性,筛选出其最佳体外表达系统,使用Visual Gene Developer、CodonW、GraphPad Prism等软件,对VP1基因进行密码子偏好性分析,同时将VP1基因密码子使用频率与大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、昆虫杆状病毒和哺乳动物细胞表达系统作了比较。结果显示,VP1基因的CAI为0.21,ENC为55.43,GC3S为65.26%,表明该基因密码子使用偏好较弱并且密码子偏好以G/C碱基结尾。结合VP1基因与各表达系统密码子使用频率比值,发现其与昆虫杆状病毒表达系统频率比值差异最小且CAI最大,因此推断昆虫杆状病毒表达系统是FMDV VP1基因最适体外表达系统。本研究为FMDV亚单位疫苗研制等提供了技术基础。     

新疆规模化奶牛场牛群结构调查与问题分析

为加快奶牛养殖由数量型向质量效益型转变,促进奶业提质增效高质量发展,助力新疆“十四五”规划开好局、起好步,笔者所在团队对新疆8 个地州、35 个县、85 家规模化奶牛场进行了实地查看走访、数据采集,重点对牛群结构及生产技术参数进行分析。结果发现,大部分奶牛场的牛群结构都存在一些较为突出的共性问题,影响了奶牛场的经营效益与长期发展。本文对问题进行了汇总,并提出了有效的改进措施,旨在引起奶牛场经营者的重视,同时也为日后有针对性地开展技术服务提供参考。     

部分地区猪细环病毒1型感染的流行情况调查

猪细环病毒1型是近年来发现的又一种环状DNA病毒,可能存在潜在致病作用。为了初步了解其流行情况,用PCR技术和ELISA技术对来自京津冀、华东与华南地区578头保育猪血清样品进行了检测。结果显示,猪细环病毒1型的核酸与抗体的猪场阳性率均为100%;核酸阳性率为73.88%,抗体阳性率为78.72%,二者之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。进一步分析发现,猪细环病毒1型的核酸阳性率和抗体阳性率都超过50%的猪场达到86.67%,都超过80%的占53.33%。调查结果表明,猪细环病毒1型感染在我国部分地区普遍流行,其在多数猪场的感染率很高。